41st CIRP International Seminar on Manufacturing Systems
System for Planning of Resources in IPS²-Delivery
Horst Meier; Christian M. Krug
Industrial Product-Service-Systems (IPS²) represent highly specific customized products with integrated development of product and service shares. Due to the multiplicity of customized IPS² that are used parallel the responsible person has to be supported in the planning of the IPS² delivery over the life-cycle. This support must be two-stage. At first the automated aggregation of the single resources requirements to the best possible total resources requirement is done considering the customer related boundary conditions. Thereupon the total resources requirement is analyzed in detail regarding the intensity of planning of each resource. The intensity of planning in this context specifies how intense the responsible person has to address himself to which resource. This article describes basic methodic approaches to execute the necessary planning steps that can constitute fundamentals for a computer-aided implementation.
| Product Diffusion in a Market with Network Externalities: An Approach from the
Viewpoint of Value-creation among Consumers Nariaki Nishino; Takeshi Takenaka; Kanji Ueda Markets with network externalities, such as those for mobile telephones and internet services, have been growing. Network externalities are defined as externalities by which a consumer’s utility depends on the number of users who use the same product. In such markets, high technology does not necessarily produce value in society because value is created through interaction among consumers. This study specifically examines how value in production and service is created through network externalities. To examine this problem, we first construct a consumer agent model based on results of a general lifestyle survey, and secondly construct a multi-agent system with consumer agents. Subsequently, we analyze decision-making through interaction among producers and consumers. Finally, we discuss the problem of product diffusion from the viewpoint of value-creation. |
| Cost Evaluation Method for Service Design Based on Activity Based Costing Koji Kimita; Tatsunori Hara;Yoshiki Shimomura; Tamio Arai As our economy matures, customers have begun to demand more services in addition to just industrial products. To address this problem, we require a novel engineering methodology, called Service Engineering (SE). SE aims to create value by combining services and products. SE focuses more on increasing customer satisfaction, while general service developers need to take into account economic cost in order to be successful in business. This paper proposes a method to evaluate service from the both viewpoints of customer importance and economic cost. The proposed method is verified through its application to a practical case. |
| Definition of Design Operation for Service Koji Harada; Tamio Arai; Tatsunori Hara; Yoshiki Shimomura Manufacturing industry has directed strong attention to services. As well as products are defined as objects consisting of functions and attributes in a conceptual design process, services are also recognized as those objects to design. Service Engineering, proposed by authors, has introduced a computational model to services, which can be transferred from a provider to a receiver. In this paper, we analyze the cases of Product-Service System by representing their models and clarify the different structures between existing product sales and PSS. As a result, design operations for describing changes of services are organized to 4 patterns. |
| Industrial Product-Service-Systems - Typology of Service Supply Chain for IPS² Providing Horst Meier; Oliver Völker Today’s organizational forms either focus on the production of products or of the delivering of services. That leads to the creation of supply chains by outsourcing parts from the original manufacturer to a supplier. Due to the increasing global competition companies are forced to stand out by using Industrial Product-Service- Systems (IPS²). The possibility to manage the increasing complexity by outsourcing processes to suppliers and thereby generating supply chains cannot be simply adapted to the delivery of an IPS². Thus, the configuration of supply chains in the delivery phase of IPS² requires the development of new methods and tools. With this approach a service supply chain typology for IPS² providing and the process workflow to generate IPS² networks are pointed out. |
| A Method of Supporting Conflict-Solving for Service Design Yoshiki Akiyama; Yoshiki Shimomura; Tamio Arai Recently, the importance of “service” has been emphasized in various industries. However, few researches have focused on service design in spite of its great importance. This paper proposes a methodology of supporting service design, by solving conflicts in service design solution. The proposed methods enable service designers to find out the existing conflicts in service design solution, and obtain the basic strategies to solve them on computers. The verification of the proposed methods is carried out, applying it to the existing service cases. |
| Learning networks: a method for Integrated Product and Service Engineering – experience from the IPSE project Mattias Lindahl; Gunilla Ölundh Sandström; Erik Sundin; Anna Öhrwall Rönnbäck; Johan Östlin The aim with the Integrated Product and Service Engineering (IPSE) project is to develop a methodology for companies that want to make the journey of moving from selling products to also sell Integrated Product and Service Offerings. In order to achieve that major changes are needed in the companies. In this paper the learning network approach is described as well as the content of the workshop series that the companies participated in. The findings show that a learning network approach is beneficial methodology for achieving changes in the companies, since the participants learn from each other and from the researchers. |
| Proposal of Idea Generation Support Methodology for Eco-Business Yasushi Umeda; Takuya Nishioka; Shinichi Fukushige; Shinsuke Kondoh; Shozo Takata In order to solve the environmental issues, transition from the conventional business to the environmentally conscious business (eco-business) is eagerly required. Although many projects of the eco-business have been planned, it is difficult to satisfy environmental consciousness and success in business at the same time. This paper proposes a methodology for supporting idea generation of eco-business. First, we collect 130 cases of the eco-business in Japan, investigate and classify them to develop a guideline for their success. Second, based on this guideline, we propose a prototype system, named Eco-business Generator, for supporting idea generation of eco-business. |
| Multi-Agent Market Modeling Based on Analysis of Consumer Lifestyles Tomomi Kito; Kousuke Fujita; Takeshi Takenaka; Kanji Ueda This paper describes the multi-agent modeling of a service market which consists of a service provider and various types of consumers. The difficulty in determining, and thus reacting to, the needs of markets, lies in the fact that consumers have diverse value concepts, which can differ through interaction with others. This study conducts a questionnaire on consumer lifestyles, and constructs models for the several types of consumers, based on the survey results. It also clarifies characteristics of a service market. The multi-agent simulations of this service market are executed to verify the validity of the proposed model. |
| Strategic Servicification – A Quality based approach beyond Service-Engineering Robert Schmitt; Sarah Hatfield In order to provide hybrid Service-Product-Solutions, especially small and medium sized companies face challenges regarding the adaption of business processes and structures to new tasks in customer interaction and solutions improvement. The basic philosophy of the Aachen Quality Management Model is to harmonise corporate skills with strategic objectives in order to achieve a highest possible overlap with customer requirements. A systematic approach is presented which demonstrates the use of methods to identify customer needs, to compare them with the companies skills in order to fulfil these and to use change management and customer information to improve the strategic orientation of the so-called hybrid producer. |
| From product to service orientation in the maritime equipment industry
- a case study Detlef Matzen; Tim C. McAloone In the shipping industry, operational performance of ships and their equipment is crucial to business. Suppliers of machinery and equipment are aware of this situation and see business development potential in setting up service systems that are dedicated to ensuring the performance of their products in operation. In this paper we present a case study of a shipping equipment manufacturer that is currently shifting business focus from manufacturing towards services delivery. Using a modelling scheme to differentiate and categorise different development tasks within the frame of business development towards service oriented business, the case delivers insights into the broader context and product related parameters influencing the options and requirements for service system development. |
| Knowledge Generation as a Means to Improve Development Processes
of Industrial Product-Service Systems Günther Seliger; René Gegusch; Patrick Müller; Lucienne Blessing In business-to-business and also business-to-customer markets there is a tendency towards combined offers of products and services, which are sold in one package to fulfil customer needs. These combinations of products and services are called product-service systems (PSS) or industrial product-service systems (IPS2) in case of industrial application. Feedback approaches for knowledge which can be captured during the delivery and use phase of IPS2 are discussed in this paper. This knowledge is notably valuable for the development process of IPS2. The focus is on knowledge generation systems capturing information related to products and processes anywhere available. These, so called Virtual Life Cycle Units (VLCU) collect operation data of products and services and generate knowledge about the systems behaviour or usage. Both development and operation benefit of captured information and generated knowledge to improve systems development and operation projects. The role of the knowledge generation, enabled by the VLCU, in the IPS2 development process will be described in detail using different PSS examples and business models. |
| Modelling Approach for the Integrated Development
of Industrial Product-Service Systems Ewald Georg Welp; Horst Meier; Tim Sadek; Katja Sadek Shifting business focus from offering mere physical products to offering IPS2 an innovative strategy to meet customer requirements is revealed. The objective of this paper is to present a modelling approach for integrated development of IPS²-concepts in early development phases. The characteristics of the IPS² concept modelling approach are deduced from a case study on a fictitious micro-manufacturing task. The proposed modelling approach abolishes established and mostly diffuse borders between products and services to assess systems behaviour already in early phases. Furthermore, applying the concept of modularisation to services in order to reduce complexity induced by specific IPS²-characteristics is discussed. |
| Integrating function model and activity model for design of service Tatsunori Hara; Tamio Arai; Yoshiki Shimomura Manufacturing industry needs to supply services more than materialized products to customers recently. Early literature on service marketing lacks the perspective on functional meaning of service activities to the customer. This paper focuses on presenting a framework so that we comprehensively deal with customer value, function, and activity. In this paper, we describe service blueprint of activities by BPMN. The above method is implemented on a CAD system, and the followings are found through an example: separate function models are integrated through related activities; and interactions between the customer and the provider are incorporated. |
| Remanufacturing of Products used in Product Service System Offerings Erik Sundin; Johan Östlin; Anna Öhrwall Rönnbäck; Mattias Lindahl; Gunilla Ölundh Sandström As a product service system provider it is important to consider its benefits and drawbacks. Connecting the product service system with a remanufacturing system has a good potential of being economically and environmentally beneficial. This paper elucidates the case of three different remanufacturers and how their relation with their core provider affects their business. Products sold as a part of a product service system have great potential of being remanufactured in an efficient manner. This is for example due to large possibilities to plan the remanufacturing operations and to achieve pre-information about the cores coming in to the remanufacturing facilities. |
| Integrated Design of Industrial Product-Service Systems Jan C. Aurich; Eric Schweitzer; Carsten Mannweiler Technical services aim at enhancing the economical and ecological performance of industrial products. To systematically exploit their potentials for both manufacturers and their industrial customers, products and services need to be integrated. The resulting Product-Service Systems (PSS) can thereby be defined as customer life cycle oriented combinations of products and services, realized in an extended value creation network. To exploit the full potentials of PSS, product and service components of the PSS have to be designed integrated. Therefore, the presented approach covers the implementation of a PSS design process by selecting, combining and adapting appropriate process modules of existing product and service design processes. |
| Evaluation of Product-Service Systems
During Early Design Phase Nicolas Maussang; Peggy Zwolinski; Daniel Brissaud The development of service engineering within the manufacturing systems domain requires a new approach to design such systems. A PSS design methodology that provides methods and tools to support engineering designers during the design phase is a necessity. One of the key issues during the development process is to assess and evaluate the solutions during the early design phase. The diversity of elements included into a PSS (physical objects, service units and their relations) must be taken into account during this evaluation. We propose in this paper a specific evaluation of PSS during the early design phase. This evaluation phase is part of a methodology that is being developed to design global and optimized sets of products and services. For this evaluation, criteria, economical and environmental factors are presented and applied on a case study. |